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The Impact of Water Supply and Sanitation Interventions on Child Health: Evidence From 2001-2006 DHS Surveys on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
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| Presenter(s):
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| Ron Bose, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, rbose@3ieimpact.org
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| Abstract:
I evaluate the impacts on child health, using the incidence of diarrhea as the health outcome, (amongst children living in households) with access to different types of water and sanitation facilities, and from socio-economic and child specific factors. Using cross-sectional health 2006 DHS survey data for Nepal, I employ statistical techniques to match children belonging to different "treatment" groups, defined by water types and sanitation facilities, with children in a "control" group. I also employ a variety of regression techniques to check for the robustness of my results, and demonstrate that it is important to incorporate the survey weights in both linear regression and matching estimation. The paper will provide guidance on ways in which matching can be used to estimate average cost-effectiveness of interventions and discuss some practical issues related to implementing the analysis using popular statistical software including STATA and R.
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Rolling Baseline Survey Methodology for Household Income Impact Assessment in Micro-irrigation Induced Agricultural Development
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| Presenter(s):
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| Giel Ton, Wageningen UR, giel.ton@wur.nl
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| Abstract:
In countries with a history of multiple and spatial overlapping agricultural development projects, it is difficult, if not impossible, to find proper 'treatment' and 'non-treatment' groups for impact assessment, and derive the 'treatment effect' as a proxy for attributable household income impact. In self-selected customer groups of irrigation technology adopters, the selection bias makes income comparisons even more difficult. We present a methodology for assessing income impact of technology adoption within self selected populations used in Ethiopia, Zambia and Nepal by IDE. Household income is calculated by estimating the gross margins of farm and off-farm activities, before and after a induced change in the agricultural system. Pre-adoption household income in a specific year is compared with post-adoption incomes of another cohort of customers in the same year. The pre-adoption income of each yearly cohort functions as the 'rolling baseline' for assessing post-adoption income impact.
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Estimating Impacts of Infrastructure Projects
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| Presenter(s):
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| Duncan Chaplin, Mathematica Policy Research Inc, dchaplin@mathematica-mpr.com
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| Minki Chatterji, Mathematica Policy Research Inc, mchatterji@mathematica-mpr.com
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| Denzel Hankinson, DH Infrastructure, denzelh@gmail.com
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| Anne Rothbaum, Millennium Challenge Corporation, rothbaumae@mcc.gov
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| Abstract:
In this paper we investigate options for estimating impacts of electricity infrastructure projects funded by the Millennium Challenge Corporation in Tanzania. We consider a number of issues. These include developing research questions that are of interest to the stakeholders, designing a study that is feasible from an engineering standpoint, determining what services are likely to be received in the absence of the intervention, determining what population to try to generalize to, dealing with mobility of the study participants, dealing with the possibility of other interventions being implemetned simultaneously, figuring out what to do if benefits of the projects are widespread, and trying to determine who is most likely to benefit in a given area. We focus on the feasibility and usefulness of three possible research designs for dealing with these issues, Random Assignment, Regression Discontinuity, and Difference in Difference and find that, as expected, each method has advantages and disadvantages.
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Sustainability Evaluation of the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Schemes
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| Presenter(s):
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| Bimal Sharma, Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Fund Development Board, bimalsharma6@gmail.com
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| Nirmala Upadhaya Rupakheti, Support for Technical and Allied National Development Services, bcsharma2000@yahoo.com
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| Abstract:
The sustainability study will be designed to evaluate the overall sustainability of the scheme based on four major dimensions i.e. Institutional, Social/Environment, Financial, and Technical comprising of a number of pre -determined indicators in each category in order to evaluate the strengths and weakness of the program after implementation of each batch and provide recommendations for future improvements.
The study intends to assess the overall sustainability of the schemes constructed in order to examine the process, approaches, procedures, guidelines and manner in which RWSSFDB objectives and principles are achieved in delivering sustainable health and hygienic benefits to the rural population through improvements in water supply and sanitation.
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